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# Site Search for Drupal CMS: Overcoming the Limitations of Native Search

AB

Akshaya Balasubramaniyan

Content Lead, Keyspider

January 2023

8 min read

Drupal is one of the most widely used enterprise content management systems in the world, particularly in government, higher education, and non-profit organisations. Its flexibility, scalability, and robust access control make it a natural choice for complex, high-stakes websites. But Drupal's native search capabilities have not kept pace with what modern users expect, and organisations that rely on the default search module are leaving significant user experience and operational gains on the table.

## What Drupal's Built-In Search Does

Drupal's core Search module provides basic full-text search across nodes and users. It creates a search index in the database, updates it when content is saved, and returns ranked results based on keyword frequency and recency. For a small Drupal site with a few hundred pages and a relatively homogeneous audience, this is adequate.

Drupal also supports the Apache Solr search module, which provides more advanced functionality: faceted search, relevance tuning, and better handling of large content volumes. Many enterprise Drupal installations run Solr. But even Solr-powered Drupal search is fundamentally a keyword matching system, and it shares the core limitations of any keyword-based approach.

## Where Drupal Search Falls Short

### No Semantic Understanding

Drupal's search, including Solr-powered implementations, matches keywords. A user searching for 'how do I apply for housing assistance' will not find a page titled 'Residential Support Programme Application' unless those pages share keyword overlap. The vocabulary gap problem is endemic to keyword search and cannot be solved through tuning or configuration.

### Limited Cross-Content-Type Search

Large Drupal sites often have multiple content types: articles, pages, events, services, profiles, and custom types specific to the organisation. Drupal's search can be configured to search across content types, but relevance ranking across different types is difficult to optimise, and the user experience of filtering and navigating mixed results is often poor without significant custom development.

### Performance at Scale

For government websites with tens of thousands of pages, or universities with multiple faculty and departmental sites, Drupal's database-backed search index creates performance challenges. Search queries can be slow, indexing large content updates can affect site performance, and maintaining relevance at scale requires ongoing manual curation.

### No AI Answer Generation

Modern users increasingly expect direct answers from search, not just lists of links. Drupal search has no capability to synthesise AI-generated answers from retrieved content. Users must click through to documents and find the relevant information themselves, which significantly increases the cognitive load and time required to complete a search task.

## The Case for Replacing Drupal Search with a Dedicated Solution

The good news is that replacing or supplementing Drupal's native search with a best-in-class external solution does not require rebuilding your website. Modern search platforms can crawl and index a Drupal site's published content independently, without requiring any Drupal module installation or modifications to the site's database or codebase.

An external search solution like Keyspider crawls the published pages of your Drupal site, builds a semantic index, and serves search results through a JavaScript widget embedded on your search page. From the user's perspective, it is a seamless part of the website. From the administrator's perspective, it is a separately managed service that does not create technical debt in the Drupal codebase.

API-first integration option

For organisations that want deeper integration, Keyspider offers a search API that can be called directly from Drupal custom modules or Views, returning semantic search results that can be displayed within the existing Drupal templating system. This provides the full power of AI search while maintaining Drupal's design system and user interface consistency.

## What a Best-in-Class Drupal Search Replacement Delivers

- Semantic search that understands natural language queries, not just keyword matching
- AI-generated direct answers with citations, synthesised from your Drupal content
- Faceted filtering across all content types, configurable without custom module development
- Typo tolerance and fuzzy matching to handle imperfect queries
- Synonym management that handles the vocabulary gap between user language and official terminology
- Search analytics showing top queries, zero-results rates, and click-through data
- WCAG 2.1 AA compliant search widget, pre-built and tested
- Near real-time indexing of new and updated Drupal content
- Multi-site search across multiple Drupal instances from a single search interface

## Implementation Considerations

When replacing Drupal's native search, the primary implementation consideration is ensuring the external search crawler can access all the content you want indexed. For publicly accessible Drupal content, this is straightforward: the crawler accesses the same URLs as any other web visitor. For authenticated or restricted content, API-based integration may be required to pass content to the search index without exposing restricted pages to unauthenticated crawlers.

The user experience transition also requires attention. If users are accustomed to a particular search interface, changes should be communicated and the new interface should be tested with representative users before launch. In most cases, the improvement in result quality makes this transition straightforward: users quickly adapt to an interface that actually helps them find what they are looking for.

## Drupal in Government: A Priority Case

Drupal is particularly prevalent in government websites. The Australian Government and many state government agencies use Drupal as their primary CMS. For these organisations, the case for upgrading from native Drupal search to an AI-powered semantic solution is especially strong: government content is written in bureaucratic language that is inherently misaligned with how citizens search, the stakes of search failure are high (citizens may not receive services they are entitled to), and WCAG compliance requirements demand a search solution that is properly tested for accessibility.

Explore further

Enterprise Solutions for Government Website Search How enterprise search transforms discoverability on government websites.
Why Your Website Site Search Should Be Semantic The fundamental case for moving from keyword to semantic search.
WCAG 2.1, AI Search, and the Law Accessibility compliance requirements for government search implementations.
Keyspider AI Search Product Overview How Keyspider integrates with CMS platforms including Drupal.

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